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2021-2022年100所金典卷各科試題及答案

1. (2019高一下·揚州期末) 閱讀理解

    A team of Israeli scientists "printed" a heart with a patient's own cells (細胞) first in the world, researchers say.

    Past researchers had been able to print simple tissues (生物組織) without blood vessels (血管), the team said. The new development is the first time "anyone anywhere has successfully engineered and printed an entire heart filled with cells, blood vessels and so on," Tal Dvir of Tel Aviv University told The Jerusalem Post.

    Dvir and his team reported the findings Monday in Advanced Science. The heart, about the size of a rabbit's, is too small for a human, but the process used to create it shows the potential for one day being able to 3D-print pieces and maybe full transplants (移植), the team said. Because the heart is made from the patient's own biological material, it reduces the chance that the transplant would fail, according to the research paper. The team used fatty tissues, then separated and "reprogrammed" the materials. The cells that become heart cells were then created.

    The development is being praised as a "major breakthrough" in medicine and one that could help battle heart disease, the leading cause of death in the United States, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "Patients will no longer have to wait for transplants or take medicines to prevent their side effects," Tel Aviv University said in a statement. "Instead, the needed hearts, lungs etc. will be printed, fully personalized for every patient." The research is still a long way off from clearing the way to transplant the 3D-printed hearts into humans, the team says.

    Dvir told the news organization Bloomberg that the heart the team printed will need another month before cells develop full to beat. Tests on animals would need to be done before the technology could be tried in humans, he added. It would take a whole day and billions, rather than millions, of cells to print a human heart, Dvir told Bloomberg.

    But Dvir remains hopeful. "Maybe, in 10 years, such printers will be seen and used in the finest hospitals around the world," he told The Times of Israel.

1. 閱讀理解     On some Swedish trains, passengers carry their e-tickets in their hands. About 3,000 Swedes have chosen to put microchips (微芯片) beneath the skin between fingers. The chips, which cost around $150, can hold personal facts, credit-card numbers and medical records. They depend on Radio Frequency ID (RFID), a technology already used in payment cards, tickets and passports.     There are 10,000 people with chip implants(植入) around the world. Sweden, home to several microchip companies, has the largest share. People can order do-it-yourself kits. And sometimes they get T-shirts that say "I got chipped".     Jowan ?sterlund, the founder of BioHax, a Swedish firm, argues that chips are safer than mobile phones because it is harder to steal information from them. But some people still have worries. RFID chips do not have GPS, but they leave a trail when they are used to open doors, operate printers, etc. In 2004 a Mexican government official and his workmates had chips placed in their arms that tracked who had accessed important information.     So why take the risk? Less trouble is one reason. The equipment for microchip implants exists wherever new payments are accepted. Sweden is well suited, as the world's second most cash-less country (after Canada).     But the chips have little use unless all companies agree to work together. Few shops recognize this chip implants yet, even those organizations that do have had some troubles in the beginning. When Swedish rail officials began scanning passengers' microchips, they saw private information rather than evidence of ticket buying. For now the chips are used largely as business cards, keys or to store important information.     So the desire to win notice or admiration is another explanation. Chip enthusiasts want to equip human bodies with technology. Elon Musk, an American businessman has spent money on this technology that connects machines with human brains, which caused fears from some Christians.

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